Indeed, in his poem “Two Loves” (1894), Lord Alfred (“Bosie”) Douglas, Oscar Wilde’s lover, declared “I am the love that dare not speak its name.” Homosexual and bisexual men and women were given voice in 1897 with the founding of the Scientific-Humanitarian Committee (Wissenschaftlich-humanitäres Komitee WhK) in Berlin. The beginning of the gay rights movementīefore the end of the 19th century there were scarcely any “movements” for gay rights.
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Likewise, in Germany in the early 1870s, when the country was integrating the civil codes of various disparate kingdoms, the final German penal code included Paragraph 175, which criminalized same-sex male relations and made them subject to penalties including imprisonment and loss of civil rights. Two decades later, in 1885, Parliament passed an amendment, sponsored by Henry Du Pré Labouchere, that created the offense of “gross indecency” for same-sex male sexual relations, enabling any form of sexual behaviour between men to be prosecuted (lesbian sexual relations-because they were unimaginable to male legislators-were not subject to the law). In England and Great Britain, sodomy remained a capital offense punishable by hanging until 1861. In the 1530s, during the reign of Henry VIII, England passed the Buggery Act, which made sexual relations between men a criminal offense punishable by death. The judicial systems of many predominantly Muslim countries invoked Islamic law ( Sharīʿah) in a wide range of contexts, and many sexual or quasi-sexual acts, including same-sex intimacy, were criminalized in those countries and made subject to severe penalties, including execution.īeginning in the 16th century, lawmakers in England began to categorize sexual relations between males as criminal rather than simply immoral.
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Religious admonitions against sexual relations between individuals of the same sex (particularly men) long stigmatized such behaviour, but most legal codes in Europe were silent on the subject of homosexuality and bisexuality. This article will use the term in the latter sense.) Gay rights prior to the 20th century (Although the term gay is commonly used in reference to homosexual males, it is also used more generally to refer to homosexual males together with some or all other orientations within the LGBTQ community. Gay rights movement, also called gay liberation movement, civil rights movement that advocates equal rights for LGBTQ persons (i.e., for lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgender persons, and queer persons) seeks to eliminate sodomy laws and calls for an end to discrimination against LGBTQ persons in employment, credit, housing, public accommodations, and other areas of life. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.
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